Gazetteer Services: A Scottish Perspective

Bruce Gittings

  • definitions
    • short-form gazetters
    • long-form (descriptive) gazetteers
    • thematic gazetteers
    • address gazetteers
  • Scottish Context
    • problems
      • regular change admin geogrphies
      • multiple nearby places of same name
      • gaelic names (no agreed versions)
      • no definitive place name gazetteer
    • advantages
      • lots of mapping versions (from Pont in 16th C.)
      • detailed contry-wide mapping from 1860s
      • scottish placenames survey (1980s) but not digital
    • demands
      • who is the custodian of place names?
      • palce is the connection between heritage projects (but they don't realize that!)
        • there's a lot of money there, and they need a way to connect, but they're not connecting
      • efficient government
  • Importance of Gazetteers / Gazetteers for contextualizing places
    • local search providers, integrated with mapping
    • imagery and geo-referenced texts are key to these services
    • gazetteers are vital to provide the linkages
  • Definitive Address Gaz for Scotland
    • DNA-Scotland
    • aggregated from local corporate address gazetteers created amdn maintained by local authorities
    • may or may not be postal addresses
    • will provide national view of local data
    • aim: trusted address source of choice within scottish public sector
    • basis: property, but individuals connected to property - so there are privacy issues
    • seen as standard means of connecting other databases together
    • well funded
    • BM7666 - a british gazetteer standard
    • Modernizing Government Framework: MGF3 - National Gazetteer Specification
    • probably not available to private sector and public
  • A Case for Textual Geographical Information (GI)?
    • are points, lines and polygons with attributes enough?
    • do these fully represent the world aroudn us?
    • how do we navigate from one place to antoher?
    • maps are often not terribly well understood by non-sepcialists
    • use features which are not currently part of maps or GI databases
      • landmarks
      • descriptions or textures of buildings
      • color of features
      • may be seasonally dependent
    • maybe we need richer data
    • building frontage data is being captured by videographers
    • textual GI is one form of this richer data
  • Importance of descriptive geographical information
    • exactly what google etc. is trying to search
    • a tradiontional form of GI, whichh has recently been forgotten
    • complements the map
    • potentially mor comprehensible by public
    • geographical equivalent of the geological map and monograph
    • helps solve navigation problems
  • The gaz of scotland
    • Scotland: An encyclopedia ...
    • originally planned as a book
    • 13,500 entries
    • places in it which are not on OS maps
    • heavily used website
    • http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/
    • not a service, a web interface for individual members of public; but could easily form hub of a short-form gazeteer service

  • historical descriptive gazetteers
    • richnes of textual description
    • text maintains subtleties of histoy and details ephemeral knowledge much more easily and often more effectively than a map
    • recent tren towards "tourist guides" rather than systematic descriptioni of places, whihc tradiionally formed gazetteers
    • problems:
      • no good tools for interrogating descriptive GI or making inferences
      • data mining only the beginingg
      • not good tools for creation either
      • how to differentiate between multiple places with same name that are very close together?
  • Problems with place names

  • Defining places
    • Textual GI helps us define places
    • govt, industry, communities need to be able to locate and describe places
    • first step in community-building and social inclusion
  • conclusions
    • descript gazs can include history which gives authority
    • gaz svcs vital because
      • can act as blue to join up other svcs
      • can provide deifinitive names, stats and poss. even descriptions